What Is PIP Insurance?

What Is PIP Insurance?

Understanding Personal Injury Protection (PIP) Insurance in Oregon

Navigating the aftermath of a car accident can be overwhelming, especially when dealing with medical bills, lost wages, and insurance claims. One crucial element that often comes into play is Personal Injury Protection (PIP) insurance. But what exactly is PIP insurance, and how does it impact you as a driver in Oregon?

At Johnson Law, we specialize in personal injury cases stemming from car accidents in Hillsboro and throughout Oregon. Our mission is to help you understand your rights and the legal protections available to you. In this comprehensive guide, we'll delve deep into the intricacies of PIP insurance, shedding light on its importance, coverage specifics, and how it can affect your recovery process after an accident.

The Essence of PIP Insurance

PIP insurance, commonly referred to as "no-fault" insurance, is a mandatory coverage in Oregon that provides immediate financial assistance for medical expenses and other related costs after a car accident, regardless of who is at fault. This means that if you're injured in a car accident, your own insurance company will cover your medical bills up to your policy limits, offering a safety net that can be crucial during such stressful times.

Why Johnson Law Emphasizes Understanding PIP

As a law firm deeply rooted in the Hillsboro community, Johnson Law has witnessed firsthand how a clear understanding of PIP insurance can significantly impact the outcome of a personal injury case. We believe that being well-informed empowers you to make the best decisions for your health and financial well-being following an accident.

Key Features of PIP Insurance

Understanding the specifics of Personal Injury Protection (PIP) insurance can empower you to make informed decisions after a car accident. Here are the key features that define PIP insurance in Oregon:

Medical Expenses Coverage

One of the primary benefits of PIP insurance is the coverage of medical expenses resulting from a car accident. This includes:

• Hospital Bills: Costs associated with emergency room visits, surgeries, and inpatient care.
• Rehabilitation Services: Expenses for physical therapy, occupational therapy, and other rehabilitation treatments.
• Medical Equipment: Coverage for necessary medical devices like crutches, wheelchairs, or braces.
• Prescription Medications: Costs for medications prescribed due to accident-related injuries.
• Dental and Vision Care: If the accident results in dental injuries or vision impairment, PIP may cover these treatments.

PIP insurance ensures that you can receive immediate medical attention without worrying about upfront costs, allowing you to focus on your recovery.

Lost Wages Compensation

If your injuries prevent you from working, PIP insurance can help alleviate the financial strain by compensating a portion of your lost income. This feature typically includes:

• Partial Wage Replacement: Coverage of a percentage (usually around 70%) of your average weekly income.
• Maximum Monthly Limits: There may be a cap on the amount you can receive per month (e.g., up to $3,000).
• Duration of Benefits: Compensation may extend for a specified period, such as up to 52 weeks from the date of the accident.
• Self-Employed Individuals: Coverage based on documented earnings and potential loss of business income.

This financial support can be crucial in maintaining your household and covering daily expenses while you recover.

Essential Services Coverage

PIP insurance may also cover the cost of essential services that you are unable to perform due to your injuries. This includes expenses for:

• Childcare Services: Hiring help to care for your children if you are incapacitated.
• Household Maintenance: Services like cleaning, laundry, and home repairs.
• Meal Preparation: Assistance with cooking and meal delivery services.
• Transportation Assistance: Costs for rides to medical appointments or necessary travel.

By covering these services, PIP insurance helps ensure that your daily life continues with minimal disruption.

Funeral Expenses

In the unfortunate event of a fatal accident, PIP insurance provides financial assistance for funeral and burial costs. This benefit offers:

• Coverage of Funeral Costs: Expenses related to memorial services, burial, or cremation.
• Grief Counseling: Some policies may include coverage for counseling services for family members.

This support can offer some relief to your loved ones during a challenging time.

Who Is Covered Under PIP Insurance?

Understanding who benefits from Personal Injury Protection (PIP) insurance is essential for maximizing your coverage after a car accident. In Oregon, PIP insurance extends its protection to various individuals connected to the insured vehicle. Here's a breakdown of who is typically covered:

The Policyholder

As the primary insured individual, you are covered by your PIP insurance whether you are:

• Driving Your Own Vehicle: Coverage applies when you're behind the wheel of the insured car.
• A Passenger in Another Vehicle: If you're injured while riding in someone else's car, your PIP coverage may still apply.
• A Pedestrian or Cyclist: If you're struck by a vehicle while walking or biking, your PIP insurance can cover your injuries.

Passengers in Your Vehicle

Anyone riding in your car at the time of the accident is generally covered under your PIP policy, including:

• Family Members: Relatives living in your household.
• Friends and Acquaintances: Non-family passengers who are injured during the accident.

Family Members

PIP coverage often extends to family members residing in your household, even when:

• Driving Another Vehicle: If they are injured while operating a different car without its own PIP coverage.
• As Pedestrians or Cyclists: Coverage applies if they are hit by a vehicle while walking or cycling.

Authorized Drivers

If someone else is driving your car with your permission and is involved in an accident, your PIP insurance may cover:

• The Driver: The person operating your vehicle at the time of the accident.
• Their Passengers: Individuals riding in your car during the incident.

Situations Involving Multiple Policies

In cases where multiple PIP policies could apply—for instance, if a passenger has their own PIP coverage—the insurance companies may coordinate benefits to determine which policy pays first. This process ensures:

• Maximized Benefits: Potential for greater overall coverage.
• Avoidance of Duplicate Payments: Insurance providers allocate expenses appropriately.

Exceptions to Coverage

While PIP insurance offers broad protection, there are exceptions:

• Intentional Harm: Injuries resulting from intentional self-harm or harm to others are typically not covered.
• Criminal Activities: Injuries sustained during the commission of a felony may be excluded.
• Non-Resident Relatives: Family members not residing in your household might not be covered under your policy.

PIP Insurance in Oregon

Understanding how Personal Injury Protection (PIP) insurance operates in Oregon is crucial, especially given that the state mandates specific coverage requirements for all drivers. Here's what you need to know about PIP insurance in the Beaver State:

Mandatory Coverage Requirements

In Oregon, PIP insurance is required by law as part of every auto insurance policy. The state has set minimum coverage limits to ensure that drivers and passengers have access to immediate medical and financial assistance after an accident. The mandatory minimum coverage includes:

• Medical Expenses: Up to $15,000 per person for reasonable and necessary medical, dental, hospital, surgical, ambulance, and prosthetic services incurred within one year from the date of the accident.
• Lost Income: Compensation for lost wages, covering up to 70% of the injured person's gross income, with a maximum of $3,000 per month for up to 52 weeks.
• Essential Services: Up to $30 per day for essential services the injured person would normally perform but cannot due to their injuries, for a maximum of 52 weeks.
• Funeral Expenses: Up to $5,000 for funeral and burial costs if the accident results in death, applicable within one year from the date of the accident.
• Childcare Expenses: For those hospitalized for at least 14 days, coverage includes up to $25 per day for childcare, with a maximum limit of $750.

Extended Benefits and Optional Coverage

While the state mandates minimum coverage, policyholders have the option to purchase higher limits or additional benefits, such as:

• Increased Medical Expense Limits: You can opt for higher coverage amounts to ensure more comprehensive protection.
• Extended Time Frames: Some insurers offer policies that extend the period during which you can incur medical expenses beyond the standard one year.
• Additional Wage Loss Coverage: Increasing the maximum monthly benefit or extending the duration of wage loss benefits.

No-Fault State Implications

Oregon operates under a no-fault insurance system for PIP coverage, meaning:

• Immediate Access to Benefits: You can receive PIP benefits regardless of who was at fault in the accident.
• Limitation on Lawsuits: There are certain thresholds (such as the severity of injury or medical expenses exceeding $15,000) that must be met before you can sue the at-fault party for non-economic damages like pain and suffering.
• Subrogation Rights: Your insurance company may seek reimbursement from the at-fault party's insurer after paying out your PIP benefits.

Coordination with Health Insurance

In Oregon, PIP insurance is considered the primary source of coverage for accident-related medical expenses. This means:

• PIP Pays First: Your auto insurance's PIP coverage will pay for medical bills before your health insurance is billed.
• Deductibles and Co-Pays: Utilizing PIP can help you avoid out-of-pocket expenses like deductibles or co-pays associated with health insurance.
• Exhaustion of Benefits: Once PIP benefits are exhausted, your health insurance may then cover additional medical expenses.

Exclusions and Limitations

While PIP provides extensive coverage, there are specific exclusions under Oregon law:

• Intentional Injuries: Injuries you intentionally inflict upon yourself are not covered. Refer to ORS 742.530.
• Felony Involvement: Injuries sustained while committing a felony are excluded.
• Driving Under the Influence: Some policies may exclude coverage if you were driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of the accident.
• Uninsured Vehicles: Injuries sustained in vehicles not covered under a PIP policy may not be eligible for benefits.

Importance of Legal Guidance

Navigating PIP claims can be complex, especially when dealing with exclusions, benefit limits, and coordination with other insurance policies. At Johnson Law, we have extensive experience handling PIP-related matters in Hillsboro and throughout Oregon. Our expertise includes:

• Claim Filing Assistance: Ensuring all necessary documentation is accurately completed and submitted on time.
• Benefit Maximization: Helping you understand and utilize all available benefits under your PIP coverage.
• Dispute Resolution: Representing you in disputes with insurance companies over denied or underpaid claims.
• Legal Representation: Advising on when it's appropriate to pursue additional legal action against at-fault parties.

Limitations and Exclusions

While Personal Injury Protection (PIP) insurance offers valuable benefits, it's essential to understand its limitations and exclusions to effectively navigate your coverage after a car accident. Knowing these details can help you avoid unexpected expenses and ensure you're adequately protected.

Coverage Limits

PIP insurance policies come with specific monetary limits, which, in Oregon, are mandated as minimum requirements but can be increased for additional protection:

• Medical Expenses Cap: Standard coverage is up to $15,000 per person for medical costs incurred within one year of the accident.
• Lost Wages Maximum: Compensation is typically up to 70% of your gross income, capped at $3,000 per month.
• Essential Services Limit: Coverage for necessary services you cannot perform is up to $30 per day.
• Funeral Expenses Cap: Provides up to $5,000 for funeral and burial costs.

Once these limits are reached, you may be responsible for any additional expenses unless you have other applicable insurance coverage.

Time Restrictions

PIP benefits are subject to strict time frames:

• Medical Expenses: Only covers costs incurred within one year from the date of the accident.
• Income Loss and Essential Services: Benefits are available for up to 52 weeks post-accident.

Delaying medical treatment or failing to submit claims promptly can result in denied benefits. It's crucial to:

• Seek Immediate Medical Attention: Get evaluated as soon as possible, even if injuries seem minor.
• Document Everything: Keep detailed records of all medical treatments and related expenses.
• Notify Your Insurer Promptly: Inform your insurance company about the accident and any injuries sustained.

Exclusions

Certain situations and actions can exclude you from receiving PIP benefits:

• In Oregon, personal injury protection (PIP) insurers may exclude coverage for the following reasons: 
• Self-injury: The injured person intentionally caused the injury 
• Organized racing: The injured person was participating in a prearranged or organized racing or speed contest Concealment: The injured person willfully concealed or misrepresented any material fact in connection with a claim Uninsured vehicles: Most policies will exclude uninsured vehicles in the same household Motorcycles: Many auto policies exclude PIP coverage for motorcycle accidents 
• PIP covers reasonable and necessary medical and dental expenses related to a car accident, including:
  • Doctor bills
  • Dental bills
  • Chiropractor bills
  • Emergency room bills
  • Ambulance bills
  • Physical therapy bills
  • Prescriptions 
• PIP must cover at least $15,000 worth of medical expenses occurring within 365 days of the accident. The date of treatment, not the date you were billed, determines whether or not PIP must pay the bill. 
• PIP won't cover you for expenses unrelated to personal injuries after an accident, such as: Damage to your vehicle, Theft of your vehicle, and Damage to someone's property. 
• Most medical providers accept PIP insurance, but they are not obligated under law to. You can call beforehand to make sure they will accept the insurance before you get treated by them. 

Medical Necessity and Approved Providers

PIP insurance covers only reasonable and necessary medical treatments:

• Approved Treatments: Services must be deemed necessary for treating injuries from the accident.
• Authorized Providers: Treatments should be from licensed medical professionals; alternative therapies may require prior approval.
• Excessive Charges: Insurers may dispute charges they consider unreasonably high.

Coordination with Other Insurance

Understanding how PIP interacts with other insurance policies is vital:

• Health Insurance: PIP is primary in Oregon, meaning it pays before your health insurance. Once PIP benefits are exhausted, health insurance may cover remaining expenses.
• Workers' Compensation: If injured while on the job, workers' compensation may take precedence over PIP.
• Disability Insurance: PIP may affect benefits received from short-term or long-term disability policies.

Subrogation and Reimbursement

Your insurance company has the right to seek reimbursement from the at-fault party's insurer:

• Subrogation Rights: After paying your PIP benefits, your insurer may pursue the at-fault driver's insurance to recover costs.
• Impact on Settlements: This can affect the amount you ultimately receive from any personal injury claim, as reimbursement to your insurer may be required.

Denial of Claims

Insurance companies may deny PIP claims for various reasons:

• Late Filing: Missing deadlines for claim submission.
• Inadequate Documentation: Failing to provide necessary medical records or proof of expenses.
• Disputed Injuries: The insurer may argue that injuries are not related to the accident or are pre-existing conditions.
• Non-Compliance: Not adhering to policy requirements, such as attending medical examinations requested by the insurer.

Steps to Protect Yourself

To maximize your PIP benefits and avoid potential pitfalls:

1. Read Your Policy Carefully: Understand the specifics of your coverage, including limits and exclusions.
2. Promptly Report the Accident: Notify your insurance company as soon as possible.
3. Seek Immediate Medical Care: Don't delay treatment; timely care supports your claim.
4. Keep Detailed Records: Document all expenses, treatments, and communications with insurers.
5. Consult with Legal Professionals: An experienced attorney can help navigate complex situations and advocate on your behalf.

How Johnson Law Can Assist

At Johnson Law, we recognize that the intricacies of PIP insurance can be overwhelming, especially when you're recovering from an accident. Our team in Hillsboro, Oregon, is dedicated to:

• Explaining Your Rights: Providing clear guidance on what your PIP policy covers.
• Assisting with Claims: Helping you file claims correctly and on time to avoid denials.
• Challenging Denied Claims: Advocating on your behalf if your insurer unjustly denies benefits.
• Maximizing Compensation: Exploring all avenues to ensure you receive the full benefits and any additional compensation you're entitled to.

Coordination with Other Insurance Policies

Understanding how Personal Injury Protection (PIP) insurance interacts with other insurance policies is crucial for maximizing your benefits and ensuring a smooth recovery process after a car accident. Here's how PIP coordinates with various types of insurance:

Health Insurance

In Oregon, PIP insurance is considered the primary payer for medical expenses resulting from a car accident. This means:

• PIP Pays First: Your auto insurance's PIP coverage will handle medical bills before your health insurance is billed.
• Exhaustion of PIP Benefits: Once you've reached the limits of your PIP coverage (e.g., $15,000 for medical expenses), your health insurance may then cover additional costs.
• Avoiding Out-of-Pocket Costs: Utilizing PIP can help you sidestep deductibles and co-pays associated with your health insurance plan.
• Billing Procedures: Medical providers should bill your PIP insurer first. Ensure they have your auto insurance information to prevent delays.

Workers' Compensation Insurance

If you're injured in a car accident while on the job, workers' compensation insurance may come into play:

• Primary Coverage: Workers' compensation often takes precedence over PIP in work-related accidents.
• Supplemental Benefits: PIP can cover expenses or benefits not provided by workers' compensation, such as essential services.
• Notification: It's important to inform both your auto insurer and employer about the accident to coordinate benefits effectively.
• Potential for Dual Claims: You may be eligible to file claims under both workers' compensation and PIP, but benefits may be adjusted to prevent duplication.

Disability Insurance

For those with short-term or long-term disability insurance:

• Overlap with PIP: Both PIP and disability insurance provide compensation for lost wages.
• Coordination of Benefits: Insurers will coordinate to determine who pays first and how much.
• Policy Provisions: Review your disability policy to understand exclusions or offsets related to PIP benefits.
• Maximizing Income Replacement: Proper coordination can help you receive the maximum allowable benefits without overpayment issues.

Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist Coverage (UM/UIM)

In accidents involving drivers with insufficient or no insurance:

• PIP as Immediate Relief: PIP provides quick access to funds for medical expenses and lost wages.
• UM/UIM Coverage Activation: Your own UM/UIM policy can cover additional damages not paid by the at-fault driver's insurance.
• Stacking Policies: Benefits from PIP and UM/UIM can be combined to cover extensive damages.
• Legal Assistance: Navigating claims against uninsured drivers can be complex; legal guidance ensures proper filing and maximization of benefits.

Medicare and Medicaid

If you're covered by federal or state health programs:

• PIP is Primary: Both Medicare and Medicaid require that PIP benefits be exhausted before they pay for accident-related medical expenses.
• Reporting Requirements: It's crucial to report your PIP claim to Medicare or Medicaid to comply with legal obligations.
• Reimbursement Clauses: These programs may seek reimbursement from any third-party settlements or judgments you receive.
• Compliance: Failure to adhere to reporting and reimbursement rules can result in penalties.

Other Considerations

• Life Insurance: In the event of a fatality, life insurance benefits are separate from PIP funeral benefits but can provide additional financial support.
• Personal Umbrella Policies: These can offer extra liability coverage beyond standard limits, though they don't typically affect PIP benefits.
• Third-Party Liability Claims: You can pursue a liability claim against the at-fault driver for damages exceeding your PIP and other insurance limits.

The Role of Subrogation

Subrogation is the process by which your insurance company seeks reimbursement from the at-fault party's insurer after paying your claim:

• Protecting Your Interests: While subrogation helps insurers recover costs, it can impact the net compensation you receive.
• Negotiation: An attorney can negotiate with insurers to reduce reimbursement amounts, potentially increasing your settlement.
• Understanding Your Policy: Be aware of subrogation clauses in your insurance contracts.

Importance of Legal Guidance

Coordinating multiple insurance policies can be daunting:

• Complex Regulations: Each type of insurance has its own rules and interaction protocols.
• Avoiding Pitfalls: Mistakes in coordination can lead to denied claims or reduced benefits.
• Maximizing Recovery: Professional guidance ensures you receive all benefits you're entitled to without unnecessary delays.

How Johnson Law Can Assist

At Johnson Law, our expertise in handling car accident cases includes:

• Comprehensive Analysis: We'll review all your insurance policies to identify available coverages.
• Efficient Coordination: Managing communications between different insurers to streamline the claims process.
• Advocacy: Representing your interests in disputes over coverage or benefits.
• Financial Recovery: Working diligently to maximize your compensation from all sources.

Why Understanding PIP Insurance Matters

Grasping the intricacies of Personal Injury Protection (PIP) insurance is more than just a matter of policy details—it's a crucial aspect of protecting your health, financial stability, and legal rights after a car accident. Here's why a deep understanding of PIP insurance is essential:

Immediate Access to Medical Care

• Prompt Treatment: Knowing that PIP covers your medical expenses allows you to seek immediate care without worrying about upfront costs.
• Better Recovery Outcomes: Timely medical attention can lead to faster and more complete recoveries.

Financial Security

• Reduced Financial Burden: PIP covers not just medical bills but also lost wages and essential services, alleviating financial stress during recovery.
• Household Stability: Compensation for essential services ensures that household responsibilities are managed even if you're incapacitated.

Legal Advantages

• Informed Decision-Making: Understanding your coverage helps you make better decisions regarding settlements and negotiations.
• Protection Against Insurance Tactics: Being knowledgeable about PIP prevents insurance companies from minimizing or denying legitimate claims.

Maximizing Benefits

• Comprehensive Coverage Utilization: Awareness of all PIP benefits ensures you don't miss out on compensation you're entitled to receive.
• Policy Optimization: Knowing your options allows you to adjust your policy for better coverage in the future.

Navigating Complexities

• Avoiding Pitfalls: Understanding exclusions and limitations helps you avoid actions that could void your coverage.
• Efficient Claims Process: Familiarity with PIP procedures streamlines the claims process, leading to quicker resolutions.

Peace of Mind

• Focus on Recovery: Eliminating financial worries allows you to concentrate fully on healing.
• Confidence in Coverage: Knowing you're protected provides emotional relief during a stressful time.

Community Impact

• Responsible Driving: Understanding insurance encourages responsible behavior on the road.
• Economic Benefits: Proper insurance coverage can reduce the overall economic impact of accidents on the community.

The Role of Johnson Law

At Johnson Law, we emphasize the importance of educating our clients about PIP insurance because:

• Empowerment Through Knowledge: An informed client can make better decisions and feel more in control of their situation.
• Effective Representation: Understanding your coverage enhances our ability to advocate on your behalf.
• Customized Legal Strategies: Knowing your insurance landscape allows us to tailor our approach to maximize your benefits.

How Johnson Law Can Assist You

Navigating the complexities of Personal Injury Protection (PIP) insurance and recovering from a car accident can be overwhelming. At Johnson Law, we are committed to providing personalized legal support to residents of Hillsboro, Oregon, and the surrounding areas. Here's how we can help:

Personalized Legal Consultation

• Comprehensive Case Evaluation: We'll assess all aspects of your accident and insurance policies to identify the best strategies for your situation.
• Expert Guidance: Our deep understanding of Oregon's PIP laws ensures you receive accurate information tailored to your needs.
• Transparent Communication: We'll keep you informed at every stage of the process, explaining complex legal terms in plain language.

Maximizing Your PIP Benefits

• Efficient Claims Management: We assist with filing your PIP claim promptly and correctly to avoid delays or denials.
• Benefit Optimization: Our team works diligently to ensure you receive all the benefits you're entitled to under your PIP policy.
• Dispute Resolution: If your insurance company denies or minimizes your claim, we'll advocate on your behalf to challenge these decisions.

Pursuing Additional Compensation

• Identifying Additional Avenues: If your damages exceed PIP limits, we'll explore other sources of compensation, such as the at-fault driver's insurance.
• Negotiating with Insurers: Our attorneys are skilled negotiators who can engage with insurance companies to seek fair settlements.
• Litigation Support: Should your case proceed to court, our experienced litigators will represent your interests vigorously.

Coordinating Multiple Insurance Policies

• Integrated Approach: We'll help coordinate your PIP benefits with health insurance, workers' compensation, and other relevant policies.
• Avoiding Coverage Gaps: Our goal is to ensure all your expenses are covered without unnecessary overlap or missed opportunities.
• Subrogation Management: We'll handle subrogation issues to protect your net recovery from being unduly reduced.

Providing Peace of Mind

• Compassionate Support: We understand the emotional and physical toll a car accident can take, and we're here to offer support beyond legal advice.
• Accessible Team: Our attorneys are available to answer your questions and address concerns promptly.
• Community Commitment: As a local firm, we're dedicated to serving the Hillsboro community with integrity and professionalism.

Next Steps After a Car Accident

1. Seek Medical Attention: Prioritize your health by getting a thorough medical evaluation, even if injuries aren't immediately apparent.
2. Document Everything: Keep records of medical treatments, expenses, and any communications with insurance companies.
3. Report the Accident: Notify your insurance provider promptly to initiate your PIP claim.
4. Avoid Quick Settlements: Be cautious of early settlement offers that may not fully cover your damages.
5. Consult Legal Counsel: Contact Johnson Law for a free consultation to understand your rights and options.

FAQ PIP

PIP exhausted means?

"PIP exhausted" means that your insurance company has paid the maximum amount of Personal Injury Protection (PIP) benefits you are entitled to under your policy. You will typically receive a letter from your insurance company that informs you that your PIP benefits have been exhausted. 

Here are some things you can do if your PIP benefits are exhausted:

Continue treatment

You can continue to receive treatment for your injuries, even if your PIP benefits are exhausted. 

Use your health insurance

Your health insurance will take over and pay for accident-related expenses once your PIP benefits are exhausted. However, you may be responsible for co-pays and deductibles. 

File a claim against the at-fault driver

You can file a claim against the at-fault driver's bodily injury liability insurance. The insurance company will investigate your claim to determine if they are liable. If they accept liability, they may offer a settlement. 

Consider other PIP policies

If you were a passenger in the car, you can use the PIP policy for the car you were in. If that policy runs out, you can use your own auto policy's PIP coverage. You may also be able to make a claim through a family member's PIP policy. 

You can contact us for a free consultation to learn your options.

Contact Johnson Law Today

Understanding and navigating PIP insurance is crucial for your recovery and financial well-being after a car accident. Let Johnson Law be your trusted ally in this challenging time.

Schedule a Free Consultation

Reach out to our Hillsboro office to discuss your case with our experienced personal injury attorneys. We're committed to helping you secure the compensation you deserve so you can focus on healing.